Toyota estimates that factory modernisation could require around 400,000 robots and ¥1 trillion in annual spending from 2028.
Toyota Motor is preparing for a major expansion of automation and robotics across its manufacturing network. The company estimates that factory modernisation could cost about ¥1 trillion, or $6.4 billion, annually from 2028.
The estimate covers Toyota, its group companies and major suppliers. Toyota has also told investors that around 400,000 robots could be needed across these businesses.
Toyota plans wider use of robots
The estimated robot requirement includes both existing machine replacements and new installations. It covers humanoid and non-humanoid robots for different manufacturing tasks.
The automation push could include industrial robots, automated logistics and systems designed for human-robot collaboration. Toyota has already been developing robotics initiatives for factory operations.
The company has previously described robotics as a way to improve productivity. Toyota has also highlighted cooperation between workers and robots in its manufacturing strategy.
$6.4 billion annual investment is not confirmed
Toyota’s ¥1 trillion estimate does not represent a confirmed annual spending commitment for a fixed period. The company has not specified how many years the spending could continue.
The 400,000-robot figure should also not be read as an order for 400,000 new machines. It includes replacements for existing equipment and additional robots across the wider manufacturing network.
This distinction is important because the figures describe the possible scale of future factory modernisation. They do not confirm a completed purchase or a final deployment schedule.
Why Toyota is increasing factory automation
Automakers are increasing their use of robotics as they face ageing factory infrastructure and labour shortages. Automation can also help manufacturers improve production processes and reduce some operating costs.
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Toyota’s plans cover more than traditional industrial robots. The company is also examining human-robot collaboration and newer robotic systems for factory work.
The strategy could eventually support applications beyond vehicle manufacturing. Bernstein analysts have said Toyota’s growing focus on robotics could increase investor interest in business opportunities outside automobiles.
Other carmakers are also developing robots
Toyota is not the only major automaker increasing its focus on robotics. Hyundai, which owns Boston Dynamics, has said it plans to deploy humanoid robots at its US plant in Georgia from 2028.
The wider automotive industry is therefore exploring how robots can work alongside people. These efforts include both established industrial machines and newer humanoid systems.
For Toyota, the next stage will involve turning its automation plans into specific factory projects. The company has yet to provide a confirmed timetable for the full investment or robot deployment.
